python数据抓取3种方法总结

脚本专栏 2024/11/1 佚名

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三种数据抓取的方法

正则表达式（re库）
BeautifulSoup（bs4）
lxml

*利用之前构建的下载网页函数，获取目标网页的html，我们以https://guojiadiqu.bmcx.com/AFG__guojiayudiqu/为例，获取html。

from get_html import download

url = 'https://guojiadiqu.bmcx.com/AFG__guojiayudiqu/'
page_content = download(url)

*假设我们需要爬取该网页中的国家名称和概况，我们依次使用这三种数据抓取的方法实现数据抓取。

1.正则表达式

from get_html import download
import re

url = 'https://guojiadiqu.bmcx.com/AFG__guojiayudiqu/'
page_content = download(url)
country = re.findall('class="h2dabiaoti">(.*"#FFFFFF" id="wzneirong">(.*"htmlcode">

from get_html import download
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'https://guojiadiqu.bmcx.com/AFG__guojiayudiqu/'
html = download(url)
#创建 beautifulsoup 对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
#搜索
country = soup.find(attrs={'class':'h2dabiaoti'}).text
survey_info = soup.find(attrs={'id':'wzneirong'}).text
print(country,survey_info)



3.lxml


from get_html import download
from lxml import etree #解析树

url = 'https://guojiadiqu.bmcx.com/AFG__guojiayudiqu/'
page_content = download(url)
selector = etree.HTML(page_content)#可进行xpath解析
country_select = selector.xpath('//*[@id="main_content"]/h2') #返回列表
for country in country_select:
 print(country.text)
survey_select = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wzneirong"]/p')
for survey_content in survey_select:
 print(survey_content.text,end='')



运行结果：

最后，引用《用python写网络爬虫》中对三种方法的性能对比，如下图：

仅供参考。
总结