python+appium+yaml移动端自动化测试框架实现详解

脚本专栏 2024/11/1 佚名

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结构介绍

之前分享过一篇安卓UI测试，但是没有实现数据与代码分离，后期维护成本较高，所以最近抽空优化了一下。
不想看文章得可以直接去Github，欢迎拍砖
大致结构如下：

testyaml管理用例，实现数据与代码分离，一个模块一个文件夹

public 存放公共文件，如读取配置文件、启动appium服务、读取Yaml文件、定义日志格式等

page 存放最小测试用例集，一个模块一个文件夹

results 存放测试报告及失败截图

logs 存放日志

testcase 存放测试用例runtest.py 运行所有测试用例

yaml格式介绍

首先看下yaml文件的格式，之前也写过一点关于yaml语法学习的文章
testcase部分是重点，其中：

element_info：定位元素信息

find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids

operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就四种

上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!

send_content：send_keys 时用到

index：ids时用到

times: 返回次数或者上滑次数

testinfo:
 - id: cm001
  title: 新增终端门店
  execute: 1
testcase:
 -
  element_info: 客户
  find_type: text
  operate_type: click
 -
  element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right
  find_type: id
  operate_type: click
 -
  element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext
  find_type: ids
  operate_type: send_keys
  send_content: auto0205
  index: 0
 -
  element_info:
  find_type:
  operate_type: swipe_up
  times: 1
 -
  element_info: 提交
  find_type: text
  operate_type: click
 -
  element_info:
  find_type:
  operate_type: back
  times: 1

代码部分

公共部分

个人觉得核心的就是公共部分，相当于建房子，公共部分搞好了，后面仅仅是调用即可，建房子把架子搭好，后面就添砖加瓦吧。

读取配置文件readconfig.py
设置日志格式logs.py
获取设备GetDevices.py
这几个通用的就不做介绍了

读取yaml文件 GetYaml.py
主要用来读取yaml文件

#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
 
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
import yaml
import codecs
 
class getyaml:
 def __init__(self,path):
  self.path = path
 
 def getYaml(self):
  '''
  读取yaml文件
  :param path: 文件路径
  :return:
  '''
  try:
   f = open(self.path)
   data =yaml.load(f)
   f.close()
   return data
  except Exception:
   print(u"未找到yaml文件")
 
 def alldata(self):
  data =self.getYaml()
  return data
 
 def caselen(self):
  data = self.alldata()
  length = len(data['testcase'])
  return length
 
 def get_elementinfo(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  # print data['testcase'][i]['element_info']
  return data['testcase'][i]['element_info']
 
 def get_findtype(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  # print data['testcase'][i]['find_type']
  return data['testcase'][i]['find_type']
 
 def get_operate_type(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  # print data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']
  return data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']
 
 def get_index(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  if self.get_findtype(i)=='ids':
     return data['testcase'][i]['index']
  else:
   pass
 
 def get_send_content(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  # print data['testcase'][i]['send_content']
  if self.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':
   return data['testcase'][i]['send_content']
  else:
   pass
 
 def get_backtimes(self,i):
  data = self.alldata()
  if self.get_operate_type(i)=='back' or self.get_operate_type(i)=='swipe_up':
     return data['testcase'][i]['times']
  else:
   pass
 
 def get_title(self):
  data = self.alldata()
  # print data['testinfo'][0]['title']
  return data['testinfo'][0]['title']

启动appium服务 StartAppiumServer.py
主要是启动appium并返回端口port,这个port在下面的driver中需要

#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
 
from logs import log
import random,time
import platform
import os
from GetDevices import devices
 
log = log()
dev = devices().get_deviceName()
 
class Sp:
 def __init__(self, device):
  self.device = device
 
 def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport):
  """
  :return:
  """
  if platform.system() == 'Windows':
   import subprocess
   subprocess.Popen("appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s" %
        (aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True)
 
 def start_appium(self):
  """
  启动appium
  p:appium port
  bp:bootstrap port
  :return: 返回appium端口参数
  """
  aport = random.randint(4700, 4900)
  bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900)
  self.__start_driver(aport, bpport)
 
  log.info(
   'start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s' %
   (aport, bpport, self.device))
  time.sleep(10)
  return aport
 
 def main(self):
  """
  :return: 启动appium
  """
  return self.start_appium()
 
 def stop_appium(self):
  '''
  停止appium
  :return:
  '''
  if platform.system() == 'Windows':
   os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 s = Sp(dev)
 s.main()

获取driver GetDriver.py
platformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity这些卸载配置文件config.ini文件中，可以直接通过readconfig.py文件读取获得。
appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回

s = Sp(deviceName)
appium_port = s.main()
 
def mydriver():
 desired_caps = {
    'platformName':platformName,'deviceName':deviceName, 'platformVersion':platformVersion,
    'appPackage':appPackage,'appActivity':appActivity,
    'unicodeKeyboard':True,'resetKeyboard':True,'noReset':True
    }
 try:
  driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub'%appium_port,desired_caps)
  time.sleep(4)
  log.info('获取driver成功')
  return driver
 except WebDriverException:
  print 'No driver'
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 mydriver()

重新封装find等命令，BaseOperate.py
里面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基础操作

#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
 
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from logs import log
import os
import time
 
'''
一些基础操作：滑动、截图、点击页面元素等
'''
 
class BaseOperate:
 def __init__(self,driver):
  self.driver = driver
 
 def back(self):
  '''
  返回键
  :return:
  '''
  os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
 
 def get_window_size(self):
  '''
  获取屏幕大小
  :return: windowsize
  '''
  global windowSize
  windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size()
  return windowSize
 
 def swipe_up(self):
  '''
  向上滑动
  :return:
  '''
  windowsSize = self.get_window_size()
  width = windowsSize.get("width")
  height = windowsSize.get("height")
  self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000)
 
 def screenshot(self):
  now=time.strftime("%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S")
  PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
   os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
  )
  screenshoot_path = PATH('../results/screenshoot/')
  self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+'.png')
 
 def find_id(self,id):
  '''
  寻找元素
  :return:
  '''
  exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)
  if exsit :
   return True
  else:
   return False
 
 def find_name(self,name):
  '''
  判断页面是否存在某个元素
  :param name: text
  :return:
  '''
  findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
  exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
  if exsit :
   return True
  else:
   return False
 
 def get_name(self,name):
  '''
  定位页面text元素
  :param name:
  :return:
  '''
  # element = driver.find_element_by_name(name)
  # return element
 
  findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
  try:
   element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname))
   # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
   self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
   return element
  except:
   self.screenshot()
   log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(name)
 
 def get_id(self,id):
  '''
  定位页面resouce-id元素
  :param id:
  :return:
  '''
  try:
   element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id))
   # element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)
   self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
   return element
  except:
   self.screenshot()
   log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)
 
 def get_xpath(self,xpath):
  '''
  定位页面xpath元素
  :param id:
  :return:
  '''
  try:
   element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath))
   # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
   self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
   return element
  except:
   self.screenshot()
   log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(xpath)
 
 def get_ids(self,id):
  '''
  定位页面resouce-id元素组
  :param id:
  :return:列表
  '''
  try:
   # elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id)
   elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id))
   self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
   return elements
  except:
   self.screenshot()
   log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)
 
 def page(self,name):
  '''
  返回至指定页面
  :return:
  '''
  i=0
  while i<10:
   i=i+1
   try:
    findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
    self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
    self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
    break
   except :
    os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
    try:
     findname = "//*[@text='确定']"
     self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click()
     self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
    except:
     os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
    try:
     self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text='工作台']")
     self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
     break
    except:
     os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")

Operate.py
我认为最关键的一步了，后面没有page都是调用这个文件进行测试，主要是根据读取的yaml文件，然后进行if...else...判断，根据对应的operate_type分别进行对应的click、sendkeys等操作

#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
 
from GetYaml import getyaml
from BaseOperate import BaseOperate
 
class Operate:
 def __init__(self,path,driver):
  self.path = path
  self.driver = driver
  self.yaml = getyaml(self.path)
  self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver)
 
 def check_operate_type(self):
  '''
  读取yaml信息并执行
  element_info：定位元素信息
  find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids
  operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就三种
  上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!
  send_content：send_keys 时用到
  index：ids时用到
  times:
  :return:
  '''
 
  for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()):
   if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'click':
    if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':
     self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':
     self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':
     self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':
     self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click()
 
   elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':
    if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':
     self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':
     self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':
     self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
    elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':
     self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
 
   elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'back':
    for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):
     self.baseoperate.back()
 
   elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'swipe_up':
    for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):
     self.baseoperate.swipe_up()
 
 def back_home(self):
  '''
  返回至工作台
  :return:
  '''
  self.baseoperate.page('工作台')

公共部分的代码就介绍这么多，在编写这个框架的时候，大部分精力都花在这部分，所以个人觉得还是值得好好研究的

Page部分

page部分是最小用例集，一个模块一个文件夹，以客户为例，
目前写了两个用例，一个新增，一个排序，文件如下：

代码如下，非常的简洁,

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
import codecs,os
from public.Operate import Operate
from public.GetYaml import getyaml
 
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
 os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)
yamlpath = PATH("../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml")
 
class AddcmPage:
 
 def __init__(self,driver):
  self.path = yamlpath
  self.driver = driver
  self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver)
 
 def operateap(self):
  self.operate.check_operate_type()
 
 def home(self):
  self.operate.back_home()

运行用例

这部分用了unittest,运行所有测试用例和生成报告。
一个模块一个用例，以客户为例：CmTest.py

from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPage
from page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage
 
 
from public.GetDriver import mydriver
driver = mydriver()
 
import unittest,time
class Cm(unittest.TestCase):
 
 def test_001addcm(self):
  '''
  新增客户
  :return:
  '''
  add = AddcmPage(driver)
  add.operateap()
  add.home()
 def test_002sortcm(self):
  '''
  客户排序
  :return:
  '''
  sort = SortcmPage(driver)
  sort.sortlist()
  sort.home()
 
 def test_999close(self):
  driver.quit()
  time.sleep(10)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 unittest.main()

首先从page层将需要运行的用例都import进来，然后用unittest运行即可。
如果想要运行所有的测试用例，需要用到runtest.py

import time,os
import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner
from testcase.CmTest import Cm
 
 
def testsuit():
 suite = unittest.TestSuite()
 suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm),
 
 
 
 
])
 
 # runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
 # runner.run(suite)
 
 now=time.strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")
 PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
  os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
 )
 dirpath = PATH("./results/waiqin365-")
 
 filename=dirpath + now +'result.html'
 fp=open(filename,'wb')
 runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result',description=u'result:')
 
 runner.run(suite)
 fp.close()
 
if __name__ =="__main__":
 testsuit()

这边的思路差不多，也是先导入再装入suite即可

总结

就目前而言，暂时算是实现了数据与用例的分离，但是yaml的编写要求较高，不能格式上出错。
同时也有一些其他可以优化的地方，如：

对弹窗的判断
断开后重连机制
失败后重跑机制

python,appium,yaml,自动化测试,python,appium,yaml

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python,appium,yaml,自动化测试,python,appium,yaml

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