一组有序项目的集合
可变的数据类型【可进行增删改查】
列表中可以包含任何数据类型，也可包含另一个列表【可任意组合嵌套】
列表是以方括号“[]”包围的数据集合，不同成员以“,”分隔
列表可通过序号访问其中成员

> l = [] #空列表
> l = [1,2,3]
> l = [1,2,3,['a','b']]
> l = list('linuxeye')
> l
['l', 'i', 'n', 'u', 'x', 'e', 'y', 'e']
> l = list(range(5))
> l
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
> l = '1;2;3;4;5'.split(';')
> l
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']

> LanguageList = ['Python','Shell','Perl','PHP','java','C',"C++","Lisp"]
> LanguageList[0] #取第一个值
'Python'
> LanguageList[3] #第四个值
'PHP'
> LanguageList[3:]
['PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp']
> LanguageList[:3]
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl']
> LanguageList[2:5]
['Perl', 'PHP', 'java']

> LanguageList[-1] #倒数第一个值
'Lisp'
> LanguageList[-2] #倒数第二个值
'C++'
> LanguageList[-5:]
['PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp']
> LanguageList[-5:-2]
['PHP', 'java', 'C']
> LanguageList[:-2]
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'PHP', 'java', 'C']

> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp']
> LanguageList.append('GO')
> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO']
> LanguageList.insert(3,'Python') #往PHP元素前插入
> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO']
> LanguageList.extend(['Ruby','C#'])
> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby', 'C#']

> LanguageList = ['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby', 'C#']
> LanguageList.index('Python')
0
> LanguageList.index('C')
6
> LanguageList.index('c')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list
> 'c' in LanguageList
False
> LanguageList.index('Python') #统计一个元素的出现次数
2

> LanguageList = ['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby', 'C#']
> LanguageList.remove('C')
> LanguageList.remove('Python')
> LanguageList.remove('c')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
> LanguageList.pop()
'C#'
> LanguageList
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby']
> LanguageList.pop(-2)
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'Ruby']
> del LanguageList[-3:-1]
> LanguageList
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'Ruby']

> LanguageList = ['Python','Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'Ruby']
> LanguageList[-2] = 'C'
> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'C', 'Ruby']
> LanguageList[LanguageList.index('C')] = 'JAVA'
> LanguageList
['Python', 'Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'JAVA', 'Ruby']

> LanguageList
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby']
> LanguageList = LanguageList + ['Python','C']
> LanguageList
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby', 'Python', 'C']
> LanguageList += ['java']
> LanguageList
['Shell', 'Perl', 'Python', 'PHP', 'java', 'C++', 'Lisp', 'GO', 'Ruby', 'Python', 'C', 'java']
> NumList = [1,2,3] * 3
> NumList
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

> NumList = [2,5,3,6,1,4]
> NumList.reverse()
> NumList
[4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
> NumList[::-1] #和reverse效果相同
> NumList
[2, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4]
> NumList.sort()
> NumList
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

cmp，比较函数，接受两个参数,小于时返回负，大于返回正，相等返回0
key，指定排序键
reverse，指定是否反序

> L = [(13,54),(11,59),(15,55),(12,57),(10,56)]
> L.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
> L
[(13, 54), (15, 55), (10, 56), (12, 57), (11, 59)]
> L.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=1) #或者reverse=True
> L
[(11, 59), (12, 57), (10, 56), (15, 55), (13, 54)]

NumList = [2, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4]
> sorted(NumList)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
> NumList
[2, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4]
> NumList.sort()
> NumList
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]